Add libusb and libuvc
[rtmpclient.git] / app / src / main / jni / libusb-1.0.22 / examples / xusb.c
diff --git a/app/src/main/jni/libusb-1.0.22/examples/xusb.c b/app/src/main/jni/libusb-1.0.22/examples/xusb.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4ac11b8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+/*
+ * xusb: Generic USB test program
+ * Copyright © 2009-2012 Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
+ * Contributions to Mass Storage by Alan Stern.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "libusb.h"
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define msleep(msecs) Sleep(msecs)
+#else
+#include <time.h>
+#define msleep(msecs) nanosleep(&(struct timespec){msecs / 1000, (msecs * 1000000) % 1000000000UL}, NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#define putenv _putenv
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(bool)
+#define bool int
+#endif
+#if !defined(true)
+#define true (1 == 1)
+#endif
+#if !defined(false)
+#define false (!true)
+#endif
+
+// Future versions of libusb will use usb_interface instead of interface
+// in libusb_config_descriptor => catter for that
+#define usb_interface interface
+
+// Global variables
+static bool binary_dump = false;
+static bool extra_info = false;
+static bool force_device_request = false;      // For WCID descriptor queries
+static const char* binary_name = NULL;
+
+static void perr(char const *format, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start (args, format);
+       vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
+       va_end(args);
+}
+
+#define ERR_EXIT(errcode) do { perr("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)errcode)); return -1; } while (0)
+#define CALL_CHECK(fcall) do { int _r=fcall; if (_r < 0) ERR_EXIT(_r); } while (0)
+#define CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(fcall, hdl) do { int _r=fcall; if (_r < 0) { libusb_close(hdl); ERR_EXIT(_r); } } while (0)
+#define B(x) (((x)!=0)?1:0)
+#define be_to_int32(buf) (((buf)[0]<<24)|((buf)[1]<<16)|((buf)[2]<<8)|(buf)[3])
+
+#define RETRY_MAX                     5
+#define REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH          0x12
+#define INQUIRY_LENGTH                0x24
+#define READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH          0x08
+
+// HID Class-Specific Requests values. See section 7.2 of the HID specifications
+#define HID_GET_REPORT                0x01
+#define HID_GET_IDLE                  0x02
+#define HID_GET_PROTOCOL              0x03
+#define HID_SET_REPORT                0x09
+#define HID_SET_IDLE                  0x0A
+#define HID_SET_PROTOCOL              0x0B
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT         0x01
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT        0x02
+#define HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE       0x03
+
+// Mass Storage Requests values. See section 3 of the Bulk-Only Mass Storage Class specifications
+#define BOMS_RESET                    0xFF
+#define BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN              0xFE
+
+// Microsoft OS Descriptor
+#define MS_OS_DESC_STRING_INDEX                0xEE
+#define MS_OS_DESC_STRING_LENGTH       0x12
+#define MS_OS_DESC_VENDOR_CODE_OFFSET  0x10
+static const uint8_t ms_os_desc_string[] = {
+       MS_OS_DESC_STRING_LENGTH,
+       LIBUSB_DT_STRING,
+       'M', 0, 'S', 0, 'F', 0, 'T', 0, '1', 0, '0', 0, '0', 0,
+};
+
+// Section 5.1: Command Block Wrapper (CBW)
+struct command_block_wrapper {
+       uint8_t dCBWSignature[4];
+       uint32_t dCBWTag;
+       uint32_t dCBWDataTransferLength;
+       uint8_t bmCBWFlags;
+       uint8_t bCBWLUN;
+       uint8_t bCBWCBLength;
+       uint8_t CBWCB[16];
+};
+
+// Section 5.2: Command Status Wrapper (CSW)
+struct command_status_wrapper {
+       uint8_t dCSWSignature[4];
+       uint32_t dCSWTag;
+       uint32_t dCSWDataResidue;
+       uint8_t bCSWStatus;
+};
+
+static const uint8_t cdb_length[256] = {
+//      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
+       06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  0
+       06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  1
+       10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  2
+       10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  3
+       10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  4
+       10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  5
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  6
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  7
+       16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  8
+       16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  9
+       12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  A
+       12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  B
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  C
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  D
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  E
+       00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  F
+};
+
+static enum test_type {
+       USE_GENERIC,
+       USE_PS3,
+       USE_XBOX,
+       USE_SCSI,
+       USE_HID,
+} test_mode;
+static uint16_t VID, PID;
+
+static void display_buffer_hex(unsigned char *buffer, unsigned size)
+{
+       unsigned i, j, k;
+
+       for (i=0; i<size; i+=16) {
+               printf("\n  %08x  ", i);
+               for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
+                       if (i+j < size) {
+                               printf("%02x", buffer[i+j]);
+                       } else {
+                               printf("  ");
+                       }
+                       printf(" ");
+               }
+               printf(" ");
+               for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
+                       if (i+j < size) {
+                               if ((buffer[i+j] < 32) || (buffer[i+j] > 126)) {
+                                       printf(".");
+                               } else {
+                                       printf("%c", buffer[i+j]);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       printf("\n" );
+}
+
+static char* uuid_to_string(const uint8_t* uuid)
+{
+       static char uuid_string[40];
+       if (uuid == NULL) return NULL;
+       snprintf(uuid_string, sizeof(uuid_string),
+               "{%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
+               uuid[0], uuid[1], uuid[2], uuid[3], uuid[4], uuid[5], uuid[6], uuid[7],
+               uuid[8], uuid[9], uuid[10], uuid[11], uuid[12], uuid[13], uuid[14], uuid[15]);
+       return uuid_string;
+}
+
+// The PS3 Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
+// removed by Sony
+static int display_ps3_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
+{
+       uint8_t input_report[49];
+       uint8_t master_bt_address[8];
+       uint8_t device_bt_address[18];
+
+       // Get the controller's bluetooth address of its master device
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f5, 0, master_bt_address, sizeof(master_bt_address), 100));
+       printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", master_bt_address[2], master_bt_address[3],
+               master_bt_address[4], master_bt_address[5], master_bt_address[6], master_bt_address[7]);
+
+       // Get the controller's bluetooth address
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f2, 0, device_bt_address, sizeof(device_bt_address), 100));
+       printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", device_bt_address[4], device_bt_address[5],
+               device_bt_address[6], device_bt_address[7], device_bt_address[8], device_bt_address[9]);
+
+       // Get the status of the controller's buttons via its HID report
+       printf("\nReading PS3 Input Report...\n");
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x01, 0, input_report, sizeof(input_report), 1000));
+       switch(input_report[2]){        /** Direction pad plus start, select, and joystick buttons */
+               case 0x01:
+                       printf("\tSELECT pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x02:
+                       printf("\tLEFT 3 pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x04:
+                       printf("\tRIGHT 3 pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x08:
+                       printf("\tSTART presed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x10:
+                       printf("\tUP pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x20:
+                       printf("\tRIGHT pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x40:
+                       printf("\tDOWN pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x80:
+                       printf("\tLEFT pressed\n");
+                       break;
+       }
+       switch(input_report[3]){        /** Shapes plus top right and left buttons */
+               case 0x01:
+                       printf("\tLEFT 2 pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x02:
+                       printf("\tRIGHT 2 pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x04:
+                       printf("\tLEFT 1 pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x08:
+                       printf("\tRIGHT 1 presed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x10:
+                       printf("\tTRIANGLE pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x20:
+                       printf("\tCIRCLE pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x40:
+                       printf("\tCROSS pressed\n");
+                       break;
+               case 0x80:
+                       printf("\tSQUARE pressed\n");
+                       break;
+       }
+       printf("\tPS button: %d\n", input_report[4]);
+       printf("\tLeft Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[6], input_report[7]);
+       printf("\tRight Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[8], input_report[9]);
+       printf("\tL2 Value: %d\tR2 Value: %d\n", input_report[18], input_report[19]);
+       printf("\tL1 Value: %d\tR1 Value: %d\n", input_report[20], input_report[21]);
+       printf("\tRoll (x axis): %d Yaw (y axis): %d Pitch (z axis) %d\n",
+                       //(((input_report[42] + 128) % 256) - 128),
+                       (int8_t)(input_report[42]),
+                       (int8_t)(input_report[44]),
+                       (int8_t)(input_report[46]));
+       printf("\tAcceleration: %d\n\n", (int8_t)(input_report[48]));
+       return 0;
+}
+// The XBOX Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
+// removed by Microsoft.
+// Input/Output reports described at http://euc.jp/periphs/xbox-controller.ja.html
+static int display_xbox_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
+{
+       uint8_t input_report[20];
+       printf("\nReading XBox Input Report...\n");
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, input_report, 20, 1000));
+       printf("   D-pad: %02X\n", input_report[2]&0x0F);
+       printf("   Start:%d, Back:%d, Left Stick Press:%d, Right Stick Press:%d\n", B(input_report[2]&0x10), B(input_report[2]&0x20),
+               B(input_report[2]&0x40), B(input_report[2]&0x80));
+       // A, B, X, Y, Black, White are pressure sensitive
+       printf("   A:%d, B:%d, X:%d, Y:%d, White:%d, Black:%d\n", input_report[4], input_report[5],
+               input_report[6], input_report[7], input_report[9], input_report[8]);
+       printf("   Left Trigger: %d, Right Trigger: %d\n", input_report[10], input_report[11]);
+       printf("   Left Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[13]<<8)|input_report[12]),
+               (int16_t)((input_report[15]<<8)|input_report[14]));
+       printf("   Right Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[17]<<8)|input_report[16]),
+               (int16_t)((input_report[19]<<8)|input_report[18]));
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_xbox_actuators(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t left, uint8_t right)
+{
+       uint8_t output_report[6];
+
+       printf("\nWriting XBox Controller Output Report...\n");
+
+       memset(output_report, 0, sizeof(output_report));
+       output_report[1] = sizeof(output_report);
+       output_report[3] = left;
+       output_report[5] = right;
+
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               HID_SET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, output_report, 06, 1000));
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int send_mass_storage_command(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint8_t lun,
+       uint8_t *cdb, uint8_t direction, int data_length, uint32_t *ret_tag)
+{
+       static uint32_t tag = 1;
+       uint8_t cdb_len;
+       int i, r, size;
+       struct command_block_wrapper cbw;
+
+       if (cdb == NULL) {
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       if (endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
+               perr("send_mass_storage_command: cannot send command on IN endpoint\n");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       cdb_len = cdb_length[cdb[0]];
+       if ((cdb_len == 0) || (cdb_len > sizeof(cbw.CBWCB))) {
+               perr("send_mass_storage_command: don't know how to handle this command (%02X, length %d)\n",
+                       cdb[0], cdb_len);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       memset(&cbw, 0, sizeof(cbw));
+       cbw.dCBWSignature[0] = 'U';
+       cbw.dCBWSignature[1] = 'S';
+       cbw.dCBWSignature[2] = 'B';
+       cbw.dCBWSignature[3] = 'C';
+       *ret_tag = tag;
+       cbw.dCBWTag = tag++;
+       cbw.dCBWDataTransferLength = data_length;
+       cbw.bmCBWFlags = direction;
+       cbw.bCBWLUN = lun;
+       // Subclass is 1 or 6 => cdb_len
+       cbw.bCBWCBLength = cdb_len;
+       memcpy(cbw.CBWCB, cdb, cdb_len);
+
+       i = 0;
+       do {
+               // The transfer length must always be exactly 31 bytes.
+               r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&cbw, 31, &size, 1000);
+               if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
+                       libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
+               }
+               i++;
+       } while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
+       if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+               perr("   send_mass_storage_command: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       printf("   sent %d CDB bytes\n", cdb_len);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_mass_storage_status(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint32_t expected_tag)
+{
+       int i, r, size;
+       struct command_status_wrapper csw;
+
+       // The device is allowed to STALL this transfer. If it does, you have to
+       // clear the stall and try again.
+       i = 0;
+       do {
+               r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&csw, 13, &size, 1000);
+               if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
+                       libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
+               }
+               i++;
+       } while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
+       if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+               perr("   get_mass_storage_status: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (size != 13) {
+               perr("   get_mass_storage_status: received %d bytes (expected 13)\n", size);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag) {
+               perr("   get_mass_storage_status: mismatched tags (expected %08X, received %08X)\n",
+                       expected_tag, csw.dCSWTag);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       // For this test, we ignore the dCSWSignature check for validity...
+       printf("   Mass Storage Status: %02X (%s)\n", csw.bCSWStatus, csw.bCSWStatus?"FAILED":"Success");
+       if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag)
+               return -1;
+       if (csw.bCSWStatus) {
+               // REQUEST SENSE is appropriate only if bCSWStatus is 1, meaning that the
+               // command failed somehow.  Larger values (2 in particular) mean that
+               // the command couldn't be understood.
+               if (csw.bCSWStatus == 1)
+                       return -2;      // request Get Sense
+               else
+                       return -1;
+       }
+
+       // In theory we also should check dCSWDataResidue.  But lots of devices
+       // set it wrongly.
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_sense(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
+{
+       uint8_t cdb[16];        // SCSI Command Descriptor Block
+       uint8_t sense[18];
+       uint32_t expected_tag;
+       int size;
+       int rc;
+
+       // Request Sense
+       printf("Request Sense:\n");
+       memset(sense, 0, sizeof(sense));
+       memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+       cdb[0] = 0x03;  // Request Sense
+       cdb[4] = REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH;
+
+       send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, 0, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+       rc = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&sense, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &size, 1000);
+       if (rc < 0)
+       {
+               printf("libusb_bulk_transfer failed: %s\n", libusb_error_name(rc));
+               return;
+       }
+       printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+
+       if ((sense[0] != 0x70) && (sense[0] != 0x71)) {
+               perr("   ERROR No sense data\n");
+       } else {
+               perr("   ERROR Sense: %02X %02X %02X\n", sense[2]&0x0F, sense[12], sense[13]);
+       }
+       // Strictly speaking, the get_mass_storage_status() call should come
+       // before these perr() lines.  If the status is nonzero then we must
+       // assume there's no data in the buffer.  For xusb it doesn't matter.
+       get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag);
+}
+
+// Mass Storage device to test bulk transfers (non destructive test)
+static int test_mass_storage(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
+{
+       int r, size;
+       uint8_t lun;
+       uint32_t expected_tag;
+       uint32_t i, max_lba, block_size;
+       double device_size;
+       uint8_t cdb[16];        // SCSI Command Descriptor Block
+       uint8_t buffer[64];
+       char vid[9], pid[9], rev[5];
+       unsigned char *data;
+       FILE *fd;
+
+       printf("Reading Max LUN:\n");
+       r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN, 0, 0, &lun, 1, 1000);
+       // Some devices send a STALL instead of the actual value.
+       // In such cases we should set lun to 0.
+       if (r == 0) {
+               lun = 0;
+       } else if (r < 0) {
+               perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+       }
+       printf("   Max LUN = %d\n", lun);
+
+       // Send Inquiry
+       printf("Sending Inquiry:\n");
+       memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+       memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+       cdb[0] = 0x12;  // Inquiry
+       cdb[4] = INQUIRY_LENGTH;
+
+       send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
+       printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+       // The following strings are not zero terminated
+       for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
+               vid[i] = buffer[8+i];
+               pid[i] = buffer[16+i];
+               rev[i/2] = buffer[32+i/2];      // instead of another loop
+       }
+       vid[8] = 0;
+       pid[8] = 0;
+       rev[4] = 0;
+       printf("   VID:PID:REV \"%8s\":\"%8s\":\"%4s\"\n", vid, pid, rev);
+       if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+               get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+       }
+
+       // Read capacity
+       printf("Reading Capacity:\n");
+       memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+       memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+       cdb[0] = 0x25;  // Read Capacity
+
+       send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
+       CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
+       printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
+       max_lba = be_to_int32(&buffer[0]);
+       block_size = be_to_int32(&buffer[4]);
+       device_size = ((double)(max_lba+1))*block_size/(1024*1024*1024);
+       printf("   Max LBA: %08X, Block Size: %08X (%.2f GB)\n", max_lba, block_size, device_size);
+       if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+               get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+       }
+
+       // coverity[tainted_data]
+       data = (unsigned char*) calloc(1, block_size);
+       if (data == NULL) {
+               perr("   unable to allocate data buffer\n");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       // Send Read
+       printf("Attempting to read %u bytes:\n", block_size);
+       memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
+
+       cdb[0] = 0x28;  // Read(10)
+       cdb[8] = 0x01;  // 1 block
+
+       send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, block_size, &expected_tag);
+       libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, data, block_size, &size, 5000);
+       printf("   READ: received %d bytes\n", size);
+       if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
+               get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
+       } else {
+               display_buffer_hex(data, size);
+               if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
+                       if (fwrite(data, 1, (size_t)size, fd) != (unsigned int)size) {
+                               perr("   unable to write binary data\n");
+                       }
+                       fclose(fd);
+               }
+       }
+       free(data);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+// HID
+static int get_hid_record_size(uint8_t *hid_report_descriptor, int size, int type)
+{
+       uint8_t i, j = 0;
+       uint8_t offset;
+       int record_size[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+       int nb_bits = 0, nb_items = 0;
+       bool found_record_marker;
+
+       found_record_marker = false;
+       for (i = hid_report_descriptor[0]+1; i < size; i += offset) {
+               offset = (hid_report_descriptor[i]&0x03) + 1;
+               if (offset == 4)
+                       offset = 5;
+               switch (hid_report_descriptor[i] & 0xFC) {
+               case 0x74:      // bitsize
+                       nb_bits = hid_report_descriptor[i+1];
+                       break;
+               case 0x94:      // count
+                       nb_items = 0;
+                       for (j=1; j<offset; j++) {
+                               nb_items = ((uint32_t)hid_report_descriptor[i+j]) << (8*(j-1));
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case 0x80:      // input
+                       found_record_marker = true;
+                       j = 0;
+                       break;
+               case 0x90:      // output
+                       found_record_marker = true;
+                       j = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 0xb0:      // feature
+                       found_record_marker = true;
+                       j = 2;
+                       break;
+               case 0xC0:      // end of collection
+                       nb_items = 0;
+                       nb_bits = 0;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (found_record_marker) {
+                       found_record_marker = false;
+                       record_size[j] += nb_items*nb_bits;
+               }
+       }
+       if ((type < HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT) || (type > HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE)) {
+               return 0;
+       } else {
+               return (record_size[type - HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT]+7)/8;
+       }
+}
+
+static int test_hid(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in)
+{
+       int r, size, descriptor_size;
+       uint8_t hid_report_descriptor[256];
+       uint8_t *report_buffer;
+       FILE *fd;
+
+       printf("\nReading HID Report Descriptors:\n");
+       descriptor_size = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+               LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, LIBUSB_DT_REPORT<<8, 0, hid_report_descriptor, sizeof(hid_report_descriptor), 1000);
+       if (descriptor_size < 0) {
+               printf("   Failed\n");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       display_buffer_hex(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size);
+       if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
+               if (fwrite(hid_report_descriptor, 1, descriptor_size, fd) != descriptor_size) {
+                       printf("   Error writing descriptor to file\n");
+               }
+               fclose(fd);
+       }
+
+       size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE);
+       if (size <= 0) {
+               printf("\nSkipping Feature Report readout (None detected)\n");
+       } else {
+               report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
+               if (report_buffer == NULL) {
+                       return -1;
+               }
+
+               printf("\nReading Feature Report (length %d)...\n", size);
+               r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                       HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE<<8)|0, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
+               if (r >= 0) {
+                       display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+               } else {
+                       switch(r) {
+                       case LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:
+                               printf("   No Feature Report available for this device\n");
+                               break;
+                       case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
+                               printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
+                               libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               free(report_buffer);
+       }
+
+       size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT);
+       if (size <= 0) {
+               printf("\nSkipping Input Report readout (None detected)\n");
+       } else {
+               report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
+               if (report_buffer == NULL) {
+                       return -1;
+               }
+
+               printf("\nReading Input Report (length %d)...\n", size);
+               r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+                       HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
+               if (r >= 0) {
+                       display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+               } else {
+                       switch(r) {
+                       case LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
+                               printf("   Timeout! Please make sure you act on the device within the 5 seconds allocated...\n");
+                               break;
+                       case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
+                               printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
+                               libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // Attempt a bulk read from endpoint 0 (this should just return a raw input report)
+               printf("\nTesting interrupt read using endpoint %02X...\n", endpoint_in);
+               r = libusb_interrupt_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, report_buffer, size, &size, 5000);
+               if (r >= 0) {
+                       display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
+               } else {
+                       printf("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+               }
+
+               free(report_buffer);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+// Read the MS WinUSB Feature Descriptors, that are used on Windows 8 for automated driver installation
+static void read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t bRequest, int iface_number)
+{
+#define MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH 256
+       int i, r;
+       uint8_t os_desc[MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH];
+       uint32_t length;
+       void* le_type_punning_IS_fine;
+       struct {
+               const char* desc;
+               uint8_t recipient;
+               uint16_t index;
+               uint16_t header_size;
+       } os_fd[2] = {
+               {"Extended Compat ID", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE, 0x0004, 0x10},
+               {"Extended Properties", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE, 0x0005, 0x0A}
+       };
+
+       if (iface_number < 0) return;
+       // WinUSB has a limitation that forces wIndex to the interface number when issuing
+       // an Interface Request. To work around that, we can force a Device Request for
+       // the Extended Properties, assuming the device answers both equally.
+       if (force_device_request)
+               os_fd[1].recipient = LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE;
+
+       for (i=0; i<2; i++) {
+               printf("\nReading %s OS Feature Descriptor (wIndex = 0x%04d):\n", os_fd[i].desc, os_fd[i].index);
+
+               // Read the header part
+               r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
+                       bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, os_fd[i].header_size, 1000);
+               if (r < os_fd[i].header_size) {
+                       perr("   Failed: %s", (r<0)?libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r):"header size is too small");
+                       return;
+               }
+               le_type_punning_IS_fine = (void*)os_desc;
+               length = *((uint32_t*)le_type_punning_IS_fine);
+               if (length > MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH) {
+                       length = MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH;
+               }
+
+               // Read the full feature descriptor
+               r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
+                       bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, (uint16_t)length, 1000);
+               if (r < 0) {
+                       perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+                       return;
+               } else {
+                       display_buffer_hex(os_desc, r);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void print_device_cap(struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap)
+{
+       switch(dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType) {
+       case LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION: {
+               struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor *usb_2_0_ext = NULL;
+               libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &usb_2_0_ext);
+               if (usb_2_0_ext) {
+                       printf("    USB 2.0 extension:\n");
+                       printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", usb_2_0_ext->bmAttributes);
+                       libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(usb_2_0_ext);
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       case LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY: {
+               struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor *ss_usb_device_cap = NULL;
+               libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &ss_usb_device_cap);
+               if (ss_usb_device_cap) {
+                       printf("    USB 3.0 capabilities:\n");
+                       printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bmAttributes);
+                       printf("      supported speeds       : %04X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->wSpeedSupported);
+                       printf("      supported functionality: %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bFunctionalitySupport);
+                       libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(ss_usb_device_cap);
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       case LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID: {
+               struct libusb_container_id_descriptor *container_id = NULL;
+               libusb_get_container_id_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &container_id);
+               if (container_id) {
+                       printf("    Container ID:\n      %s\n", uuid_to_string(container_id->ContainerID));
+                       libusb_free_container_id_descriptor(container_id);
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       default:
+               printf("    Unknown BOS device capability %02x:\n", dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType);
+       }
+}
+
+static int test_device(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid)
+{
+       libusb_device_handle *handle;
+       libusb_device *dev;
+       uint8_t bus, port_path[8];
+       struct libusb_bos_descriptor *bos_desc;
+       struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
+       const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
+       int i, j, k, r;
+       int iface, nb_ifaces, first_iface = -1;
+       struct libusb_device_descriptor dev_desc;
+       const char* const speed_name[5] = { "Unknown", "1.5 Mbit/s (USB LowSpeed)", "12 Mbit/s (USB FullSpeed)",
+               "480 Mbit/s (USB HighSpeed)", "5000 Mbit/s (USB SuperSpeed)" };
+       char string[128];
+       uint8_t string_index[3];        // indexes of the string descriptors
+       uint8_t endpoint_in = 0, endpoint_out = 0;      // default IN and OUT endpoints
+
+       printf("Opening device %04X:%04X...\n", vid, pid);
+       handle = libusb_open_device_with_vid_pid(NULL, vid, pid);
+
+       if (handle == NULL) {
+               perr("  Failed.\n");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       dev = libusb_get_device(handle);
+       bus = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
+       if (extra_info) {
+               r = libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_path, sizeof(port_path));
+               if (r > 0) {
+                       printf("\nDevice properties:\n");
+                       printf("        bus number: %d\n", bus);
+                       printf("         port path: %d", port_path[0]);
+                       for (i=1; i<r; i++) {
+                               printf("->%d", port_path[i]);
+                       }
+                       printf(" (from root hub)\n");
+               }
+               r = libusb_get_device_speed(dev);
+               if ((r<0) || (r>4)) r=0;
+               printf("             speed: %s\n", speed_name[r]);
+       }
+
+       printf("\nReading device descriptor:\n");
+       CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &dev_desc), handle);
+       printf("            length: %d\n", dev_desc.bLength);
+       printf("      device class: %d\n", dev_desc.bDeviceClass);
+       printf("               S/N: %d\n", dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
+       printf("           VID:PID: %04X:%04X\n", dev_desc.idVendor, dev_desc.idProduct);
+       printf("         bcdDevice: %04X\n", dev_desc.bcdDevice);
+       printf("   iMan:iProd:iSer: %d:%d:%d\n", dev_desc.iManufacturer, dev_desc.iProduct, dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
+       printf("          nb confs: %d\n", dev_desc.bNumConfigurations);
+       // Copy the string descriptors for easier parsing
+       string_index[0] = dev_desc.iManufacturer;
+       string_index[1] = dev_desc.iProduct;
+       string_index[2] = dev_desc.iSerialNumber;
+
+       printf("\nReading BOS descriptor: ");
+       if (libusb_get_bos_descriptor(handle, &bos_desc) == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+               printf("%d caps\n", bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps);
+               for (i = 0; i < bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps; i++)
+                       print_device_cap(bos_desc->dev_capability[i]);
+               libusb_free_bos_descriptor(bos_desc);
+       } else {
+               printf("no descriptor\n");
+       }
+
+       printf("\nReading first configuration descriptor:\n");
+       CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(libusb_get_config_descriptor(dev, 0, &conf_desc), handle);
+       nb_ifaces = conf_desc->bNumInterfaces;
+       printf("             nb interfaces: %d\n", nb_ifaces);
+       if (nb_ifaces > 0)
+               first_iface = conf_desc->usb_interface[0].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber;
+       for (i=0; i<nb_ifaces; i++) {
+               printf("              interface[%d]: id = %d\n", i,
+                       conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber);
+               for (j=0; j<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].num_altsetting; j++) {
+                       printf("interface[%d].altsetting[%d]: num endpoints = %d\n",
+                               i, j, conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints);
+                       printf("   Class.SubClass.Protocol: %02X.%02X.%02X\n",
+                               conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass,
+                               conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass,
+                               conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol);
+                       if ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass == LIBUSB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE)
+                         && ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x01)
+                         || (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x06) )
+                         && (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol == 0x50) ) {
+                               // Mass storage devices that can use basic SCSI commands
+                               test_mode = USE_SCSI;
+                       }
+                       for (k=0; k<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints; k++) {
+                               struct libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor *ep_comp = NULL;
+                               endpoint = &conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].endpoint[k];
+                               printf("       endpoint[%d].address: %02X\n", k, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
+                               // Use the first interrupt or bulk IN/OUT endpoints as default for testing
+                               if ((endpoint->bmAttributes & LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_MASK) & (LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK | LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT)) {
+                                       if (endpoint->bEndpointAddress & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
+                                               if (!endpoint_in)
+                                                       endpoint_in = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
+                                       } else {
+                                               if (!endpoint_out)
+                                                       endpoint_out = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               printf("           max packet size: %04X\n", endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
+                               printf("          polling interval: %02X\n", endpoint->bInterval);
+                               libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(NULL, endpoint, &ep_comp);
+                               if (ep_comp) {
+                                       printf("                 max burst: %02X   (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->bMaxBurst);
+                                       printf("        bytes per interval: %04X (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->wBytesPerInterval);
+                                       libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(ep_comp);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
+
+       libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver(handle, 1);
+       for (iface = 0; iface < nb_ifaces; iface++)
+       {
+               printf("\nClaiming interface %d...\n", iface);
+               r = libusb_claim_interface(handle, iface);
+               if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+                       perr("   Failed.\n");
+               }
+       }
+
+       printf("\nReading string descriptors:\n");
+       for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
+               if (string_index[i] == 0) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(handle, string_index[i], (unsigned char*)string, sizeof(string)) > 0) {
+                       printf("   String (0x%02X): \"%s\"\n", string_index[i], string);
+               }
+       }
+       // Read the OS String Descriptor
+       r = libusb_get_string_descriptor(handle, MS_OS_DESC_STRING_INDEX, 0, (unsigned char*)string, MS_OS_DESC_STRING_LENGTH);
+       if (r == MS_OS_DESC_STRING_LENGTH && memcmp(ms_os_desc_string, string, sizeof(ms_os_desc_string)) == 0) {
+               // If this is a Microsoft OS String Descriptor,
+               // attempt to read the WinUSB extended Feature Descriptors
+               read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(handle, string[MS_OS_DESC_VENDOR_CODE_OFFSET], first_iface);
+       }
+
+       switch(test_mode) {
+       case USE_PS3:
+               CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(display_ps3_status(handle), handle);
+               break;
+       case USE_XBOX:
+               CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(display_xbox_status(handle), handle);
+               CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 128, 222), handle);
+               msleep(2000);
+               CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 0, 0), handle);
+               break;
+       case USE_HID:
+               test_hid(handle, endpoint_in);
+               break;
+       case USE_SCSI:
+               CALL_CHECK_CLOSE(test_mass_storage(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out), handle);
+       case USE_GENERIC:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       printf("\n");
+       for (iface = 0; iface<nb_ifaces; iface++) {
+               printf("Releasing interface %d...\n", iface);
+               libusb_release_interface(handle, iface);
+       }
+
+       printf("Closing device...\n");
+       libusb_close(handle);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+       bool show_help = false;
+       bool debug_mode = false;
+       const struct libusb_version* version;
+       int j, r;
+       size_t i, arglen;
+       unsigned tmp_vid, tmp_pid;
+       uint16_t endian_test = 0xBE00;
+       char *error_lang = NULL, *old_dbg_str = NULL, str[256];
+
+       // Default to generic, expecting VID:PID
+       VID = 0;
+       PID = 0;
+       test_mode = USE_GENERIC;
+
+       if (((uint8_t*)&endian_test)[0] == 0xBE) {
+               printf("Despite their natural superiority for end users, big endian\n"
+                       "CPUs are not supported with this program, sorry.\n");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (argc >= 2) {
+               for (j = 1; j<argc; j++) {
+                       arglen = strlen(argv[j]);
+                       if ( ((argv[j][0] == '-') || (argv[j][0] == '/'))
+                         && (arglen >= 2) ) {
+                               switch(argv[j][1]) {
+                               case 'd':
+                                       debug_mode = true;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'i':
+                                       extra_info = true;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'w':
+                                       force_device_request = true;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'b':
+                                       if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
+                                               printf("   Option -b requires a file name\n");
+                                               return 1;
+                                       }
+                                       binary_name = argv[++j];
+                                       binary_dump = true;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'l':
+                                       if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
+                                               printf("   Option -l requires an ISO 639-1 language parameter\n");
+                                               return 1;
+                                       }
+                                       error_lang = argv[++j];
+                                       break;
+                               case 'j':
+                                       // OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINY JTAG, 2 channel composite device - 2 interfaces
+                                       if (!VID && !PID) {
+                                               VID = 0x15BA;
+                                               PID = 0x0004;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case 'k':
+                                       // Generic 2 GB USB Key (SCSI Transparent/Bulk Only) - 1 interface
+                                       if (!VID && !PID) {
+                                               VID = 0x0204;
+                                               PID = 0x6025;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               // The following tests will force VID:PID if already provided
+                               case 'p':
+                                       // Sony PS3 Controller - 1 interface
+                                       VID = 0x054C;
+                                       PID = 0x0268;
+                                       test_mode = USE_PS3;
+                                       break;
+                               case 's':
+                                       // Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro Joystick - 1 HID interface
+                                       VID = 0x045E;
+                                       PID = 0x0008;
+                                       test_mode = USE_HID;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'x':
+                                       // Microsoft XBox Controller Type S - 1 interface
+                                       VID = 0x045E;
+                                       PID = 0x0289;
+                                       test_mode = USE_XBOX;
+                                       break;
+                               default:
+                                       show_help = true;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               for (i=0; i<arglen; i++) {
+                                       if (argv[j][i] == ':')
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               if (i != arglen) {
+                                       if (sscanf(argv[j], "%x:%x" , &tmp_vid, &tmp_pid) != 2) {
+                                               printf("   Please specify VID & PID as \"vid:pid\" in hexadecimal format\n");
+                                               return 1;
+                                       }
+                                       VID = (uint16_t)tmp_vid;
+                                       PID = (uint16_t)tmp_pid;
+                               } else {
+                                       show_help = true;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((show_help) || (argc == 1) || (argc > 7)) {
+               printf("usage: %s [-h] [-d] [-i] [-k] [-b file] [-l lang] [-j] [-x] [-s] [-p] [-w] [vid:pid]\n", argv[0]);
+               printf("   -h      : display usage\n");
+               printf("   -d      : enable debug output\n");
+               printf("   -i      : print topology and speed info\n");
+               printf("   -j      : test composite FTDI based JTAG device\n");
+               printf("   -k      : test Mass Storage device\n");
+               printf("   -b file : dump Mass Storage data to file 'file'\n");
+               printf("   -p      : test Sony PS3 SixAxis controller\n");
+               printf("   -s      : test Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro (HID)\n");
+               printf("   -x      : test Microsoft XBox Controller Type S\n");
+               printf("   -l lang : language to report errors in (ISO 639-1)\n");
+               printf("   -w      : force the use of device requests when querying WCID descriptors\n");
+               printf("If only the vid:pid is provided, xusb attempts to run the most appropriate test\n");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       // xusb is commonly used as a debug tool, so it's convenient to have debug output during libusb_init(),
+       // but since we can't call on libusb_set_option() before libusb_init(), we use the env variable method
+       old_dbg_str = getenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG");
+       if (debug_mode) {
+               if (putenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG=4") != 0)      // LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+                       printf("Unable to set debug level\n");
+       }
+
+       version = libusb_get_version();
+       printf("Using libusb v%d.%d.%d.%d\n\n", version->major, version->minor, version->micro, version->nano);
+       r = libusb_init(NULL);
+       if (r < 0)
+               return r;
+
+       // If not set externally, and no debug option was given, use info log level
+       if ((old_dbg_str == NULL) && (!debug_mode))
+               libusb_set_option(NULL, LIBUSB_OPTION_LOG_LEVEL, LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
+       if (error_lang != NULL) {
+               r = libusb_setlocale(error_lang);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       printf("Invalid or unsupported locale '%s': %s\n", error_lang, libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
+       }
+
+       test_device(VID, PID);
+
+       libusb_exit(NULL);
+
+       if (debug_mode) {
+               snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "LIBUSB_DEBUG=%s", (old_dbg_str == NULL)?"":old_dbg_str);
+               str[sizeof(str) - 1] = 0;       // Windows may not NUL terminate the string
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}